Rheumatoid Arthritis

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: Understanding and Managing RA

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks healthy joints, leading to pain, stiffness, and progressive joint damage.

While it primarily affects the small joints of the hands and feet, RA can also involve other body parts such as the skin, lungs, and heart. Early diagnosis and effective treatment are key to managing this condition and preventing complications.

Symptoms of Rheumatoid Arthritis

• Joint pain, swelling, and stiffness—especially in the morning
• Fatigue, low-grade fever, and weight loss
• Symmetrical joint involvement (both sides of the body)
• In advanced cases, joint deformities and loss of function

Causes & Risk Factors

• Autoimmune Response: The immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues
• Genetic Predisposition: A family history increases susceptibility
• Environmental Factors: Infections or smoking can act as triggers
• Hormonal Influence: RA is more common in women, possibly due to hormonal factors

Treatment Options

1. Medications

• NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to relieve pain and swelling
• DMARDs: Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs that slow progression
• Biologic Agents: Target specific immune pathways involved in inflammation
• Corticosteroids: Used for rapid symptom control during flare-ups

2. Lifestyle Changes

• Engage in regular, low-impact exercise to maintain joint mobility
• Follow a balanced diet rich in anti-inflammatory foods (e.g., omega-3s, turmeric)
• Practice stress-reducing activities like yoga or meditation
• Avoid smoking and limit alcohol to reduce flare-ups

3. Physical Therapy & Surgery

• Stretching and strengthening exercises to enhance joint function
• Occupational therapy to assist with daily tasks
• Joint replacement surgery may be necessary in severe or advanced cases

While there is no cure for RA, a combination of medical treatment, physical therapy, and lifestyle management can significantly reduce symptoms and improve quality of life.