Fistula

UNDERSTANDING ANAL FISTULA

A fistula is an abnormal tunnel-like connection between two organs or between an organ and the skin.

Anal fistulas commonly occur when an infection leads to the formation of a small passage between the anal canal and the surrounding skin. This condition frequently results from untreated anal abscesses and can cause recurring discomfort and drainage issues.

Symptoms of Anal Fistula

• Persistent pain and swelling around the anus
• Pus or bloody discharge from an opening near the anus
• Redness and irritation in the affected area
• Difficulty sitting or passing stools due to pain
• Fever in cases of active infection

Causes of Fistula

• Untreated anal abscesses
• Chronic infections in the anal glands
• Inflammatory bowel conditions like Crohn’s disease
• Trauma or previous anal surgery
• Complications from tuberculosis or radiation therapy

Treatment Options

1. Medical Management

• Antibiotics to control infection
• Pain relief medications
• Warm sitz baths to reduce pain and swelling

2. Surgical Procedures

• Fistulotomy: The tract is surgically opened and left to heal naturally from the inside out.
• Seton Placement: A surgical thread (seton) is used to promote drainage and gradual healing.
• Fibrin Glue / Collagen Plug: Biologic materials are used to seal the fistula tract.
• Advanced Procedures: In complex or recurrent cases, flap surgery may be performed using healthy tissue to close the fistula.